A Parent’s Guide to ENT Concerns
Dr. Angela Seabright
| 4 min read
Ear, nose and throat (ENT) issues are a typical part of childhood for infants and small children. They are categorized as issues that impact a child’s senses, including their airway, voice, hearing, speech, eating and sinuses. One of the most common ENT issues, for example, is an ear infection.
According to the National Institute of Health (NIH), five of six children will have at least one ear infection by their third birthday.
What are common ENT-related occurrences with children?
It’s crucial for parents to monitor ENT issues closely to make sure they do not become serious. Early detection of common ENT problems can ensure prompt intervention, which leads to effective treatment and healthy long-term outcomes.
A family’s primary care provider (PCP) may require the assistance of an otolaryngologist or ENT specialist if the following issues become severe.
Ear infections: An ear infection usually is caused by bacteria and often begins after a child has a sore throat, cold or other upper respiratory infection, according to the Mayo Clinic. Ear infections are more common in children than adults because a child’s eustachian tubes are smaller and more level in children than they are in adults, making it difficult for fluid to drain from the ear. Preventing against ear infections starts with getting your child vaccinated against the flu and other infections. Be sure to have them wash their hands frequently and limit their exposure to other sick children.
Children who suffer from repeated ear infections, ear infections that do not respond to antibiotics, or persistent fluid in the ears should consult with an ENT specialist as they may require placement of ear tubes which can alleviate symptoms and improve hearing.
Foreign objects: Foreign bodies in the ear, nose, and throat are common in children and may include food, toys, buttons, and other small objects like pieces of tissue or clay. Immediate medical attention is necessary to prevent complications.
Nasal congestion: Nasal congestion is caused by inflammation, swelling, and an increase in mucus in the nasal passages. An infant nasal bulb or aspirator can be used in babies to help alleviate the congestion. For older children with congestion, having them gently blow their nose regularly can help keep their nasal passages clear. It’s also important to increase fluids and hydration and add moisture by using saline nose drops and a cool-mist humidifier to combat dry air. Children with persistent allergy symptoms, frequent or severe sinus infections, or chronic cough may warrant evaluation by an ENT specialist or allergist.
Nosebleeds: Nosebleeds occur when the thin tissue lining the nose, known as the mucous membrane, becomes irritated, causing sensitive blood vessels in the nose to bleed. Nose-picking, dry air, and allergies are some common irritants that can cause nose bleeds.
Snoring/noisy breathing: Snoring occurs when the upper airway narrows. Enlarged tonsils, adenoids, or obstructed nasal passages are common causes of snoring. While most kids will snore from time to time, frequent snoring, especially if loud or associated with pauses in breathing or gasping during sleep, may be a sign of a more serious issue such as obstructive sleep apnea. Poor quality sleep could negatively impact the child’s growth, development, and behavior. A consultation with an ENT specialist may be necessary to address structural issues related to the snoring.
Tonsilitis: It’s common for children between the ages of 5 and 15 to develop tonsilitis, a term used to describe inflamed tonsils. Symptoms may include a sore throat, fever, pain while swallowing, and swollen lymph nodes. If tonsilitis is determined to be caused by a bacterial infection, antibiotics are typically used to treat it. In some situations, surgery may be recommended to remove the tonsils.
In general, ENT issues are common in children. It’s important to consult with a child’s primary care provider or ENT specialist to address issues early and promote a child’s overall development and well-being.
Photo credit: Getty Images
Angela Seabright is a care management physician at Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan. For more healthy lifestyle tips and information visit AHealthierMichigan.com.
